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HR 3491 119th Congress · House

Bill to Expand NIH Down Syndrome Research

Advocate

Official title: DeOndra Dixon INCLUDE Project Act of 2025

The DeOndra Dixon INCLUDE Project Act of 2025 would direct the National Institutes of Health to run a formal research, training, and investigation program focused on Down syndrome. It names the program the “INvestigation of Co-occurring conditions across the Lifespan to Understand Down syndromE Project,” or the INCLUDE Project, and gives NIH a broad menu of research priorities across the lifespan. The bill mainly affects people with Down syndrome, their families, clinicians, and researchers by expanding studies on co-occurring conditions, clinical trials, biomarkers, and quality-of-life issues. It also requires NIH to report to Congress every two years on the research being carried out under the program.

  • Creates a new NIH program for Down syndrome research under section 409K of the Public Health Service Act.
  • Directs research on trisomy 21, co-occurring conditions, biomarkers, and quality of life across the lifespan.
  • Encourages more clinical trials that include or are designed for participants with Down syndrome.
  • Requires NIH to coordinate Down syndrome research across institutes and avoid duplicating existing work.
  • Mandates a biennial report to Congress on the research conducted or supported under the program.
Public Relevance 22 / 100
Niche Modest scope Broad

For a typical constituent, this bill would not change taxes, insurance premiums, or eligibility for a federal benefit directly. Its effect would be felt mainly if you or a family member has Down syndrome, or if you are a clinician or researcher: NIH would be pushed to expand Down syndrome-focused studies, clinical trials, and reporting, which could eventually improve diagnosis and treatment of co-occurring conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmunity. For everyone else, the effect is indirect and long-term, through the federal research system.

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FOR
  • Families and self-advocates in the Down syndrome community They are likely to support the bill because it makes Down syndrome a defined NIH research priority and includes consultation with patient advocates. The focus on lifespan studies, co-occurring conditions, and quality of life could produce better care and more tailored treatments.
  • Pediatric and adult clinicians who treat people with Down syndrome Providers may favor the bill because it could expand evidence on biomarkers, diagnosis, and therapies for conditions that often accompany Down syndrome. More inclusive clinical trials could make it easier to know which interventions are safe and effective for this population.
  • Biomedical researchers studying genetics and neurodevelopment Researchers may support the bill because it promotes high-risk, high-reward work on trisomy 21 and gives NIH a coordination framework. That can help build cohorts, improve data sharing, and generate findings that are more likely to translate into real-world care.
AGAINST
  • Fiscal conservatives concerned about federal research spending They may argue that Congress should not create condition-specific programs with additional reporting and coordination requirements unless there is clear evidence of added value. They may prefer NIH to allocate funds through its existing competitive process rather than carve out a dedicated program.
  • Researchers worried about fragmentation of NIH priorities Some may worry that a separate Down syndrome program could duplicate or overlap with work already happening across NIH, despite the bill’s anti-duplication language. They may prefer broader, cross-cutting research initiatives instead of condition-specific structures.
  • Advocates focused on other disability or disease areas These stakeholders may object that a dedicated program can channel attention and resources toward one population while other unmet needs remain underfunded. Their concern is less about the subject matter than about how limited federal research dollars are distributed.
  • “The Director of NIH shall carry out a program of research, training, and investigation related to Down syndrome”

    This creates an ongoing federal research program rather than a one-time grant or report. In practice, it gives NIH a continuing mandate to organize and support Down syndrome studies.

  • “high-risk, high-reward research on the effects of trisomy 21 on human development and health”

    The bill explicitly encourages more experimental or innovative science. That can lead to breakthroughs, but it also means some funded projects may be uncertain and not produce immediate clinical results.

  • “expanding the number of clinical trials that are inclusive of, or expressly for, participants with Down syndrome”

    This is important because people with Down syndrome are often underrepresented in trials. More inclusion could improve evidence on safety and effectiveness for treatments and therapies used by this population.

  • “consult with relevant stakeholders, including patient advocates”

    Families and self-advocates are meant to have a voice in shaping the program. That can make research more responsive to real needs, especially around daily functioning and quality of life.

  • “submit, on a biennial basis, to the Committee on Energy and Commerce”

    NIH would have to report to Congress every two years on what research is being done. That creates oversight and makes it easier for lawmakers to track whether the program is producing usable results.

BillBoard checks this page against public Congress.gov metadata, then adds plain-English analysis where available.

Bill
HR 3491
Congress
119th Congress
Official title
DeOndra Dixon INCLUDE Project Act of 2025
Policy area
Healthcare
Latest action
Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 627. (July 2, 2026)
Last updated
July 3, 2026

July 2, 2026

Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 627.

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